{"id":51,"date":"2024-03-10T17:19:15","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T09:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cutegameit.com\/linux\/?p=193"},"modified":"2025-02-20T11:46:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T03:46:18","slug":"linux-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4-week-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/?p=51","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u6307\u4ee4 Week 5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

W 5-1<\/strong>, sudo usermod -aG sudo u12345678<\/strong><\/mark>
\u4e00\u822c\u5e33\u865f\u662f\u6c92\u6709 sudo \u6b0a\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c, \u4f46\u53ef\u5c07\u5e33\u865f\u52a0\u5230 sudo \u7fa4\u7d44\u5373\u53ef\u64c1\u6709\u8a72\u6b0a\u9650, \u5982\u679c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5e33\u865f\u5df2\u7d93\u767b\u5165, \u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5165\u624d\u6703\u751f\u6548\u5594!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 # sudo usermod -aG sudo u12345678\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-2,<\/strong> sudo visudo<\/mark><\/strong>
Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u95dc sudo \u76f8\u95dc\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5728 \/etc\/sudoers, \u96d6\u7136\u8aaa\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u8a72\u6a94\u6848, \u4f46\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528 sudo visudo \u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539, \u9019\u6a23\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5167\u5bb9\u9032\u884c\u9632\u5446(\u6aa2\u67e5\u8a9e\u6cd5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 # sudo visudo\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-3,<\/strong> sudo -lU account_name<\/mark><\/strong>
\u67e5\u770b\u8a72\u5e33\u865f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 sudo \u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6e05\u55ae, \u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u8a18\u5f97\u5c07 accopunt_name \u63db\u6210\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u5e33\u865f\u540d\u7a31<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 # sudo -lU account_name\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-4,<\/strong> which command_name<\/mark><\/strong>
\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa: which cp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 # which command_name\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-5,<\/strong> whereis command_name<\/mark><\/strong>
\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa: whereis cp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# whereis cp\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-6, locate readme.txt<\/mark><\/strong>
\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e, \u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6a94\u6848\u6642\u662f\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u7684\u5feb\u53d6(\/var\/lib\/mlocate\/mlocate.db) \u4f86\u67e5\u627e\u7684, \u6240\u4ee5\u901f\u8b80\u6975\u5feb, \u4f46\u662f\u7576\u4f60\u8981\u67e5\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u592a\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019, \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ca\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\u53d6\u6a94\u6848, \u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u627e\u4e0d\u5230! \u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 sudo updatedb \u4f86\u5c0d mlocate.db \u9032\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u5373\u53ef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
 # locate  readme.txt\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-7,<\/strong> find<\/mark><\/strong>
\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u662f\u4ee5\u6574\u500b\u786c\u789f\u88e1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba\u4e3b, \u6240\u4ee5\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u8017\u6642, \u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\u7528. \u53e6\u5916\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a, \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u5e7e\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u7bc4\u4f8b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u627e\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709 .txt \u7684\u6a94\u6848\n# find \/home -name *.txt \n\n\u627e\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\n# find \/home -type d\n\n\u627e\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6a94\u6848\n# find \/home\/ubuntu -type f\n\n\u627e\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5927\u65bc 10M \u7684\u6a94\u6848\n# find . -size +10M\n\n\u627e\u51fa \/home\/ \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5927\u65bc 10M \u7684\u6a94\u6848\n# find \/home\/ -size +10M\n\n\u627e\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5927\u65bc 100M \u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u7528 ls -l \u5217\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\n# find . -type f -size +100M -exec ls -l {} \\;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-8,<\/strong> tar<\/mark><\/strong>
\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6253\u5305\u8207\u58d3\u7e2e\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u7684, \u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u591a\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c, \u4ee5\u4e0b\u900f\u904e\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a73\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5;
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53c3\u6578
-c \u5efa\u7acb\u6253\u5305\u64cb\u6848
-f \u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u540d
-t \u67e5\u770b\u6253\u5305\u6a94\u7684\u5167\u5bb9
-x \u89e3\u958b\u6253\u5305\u6a94\u7684\u5167\u5bb9
-C \u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u958b\u6642\u7684\u76ee\u9304<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c07\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709 log \u958b\u982d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6253\u5305\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u4e26\u5b58\u5165 \/tmp\/backup.tar \n# tar -cf \/tmp\/backup.tar log*\n\n\u5c07 backup.tar \u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e\u5230 \/tmp\/extract \u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\n# tar -xf \/tmp\/backup.tar -C \/tmp\/extract\n\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
W 5-9,<\/strong> tar with gzip, bzip2, xz<\/mark><\/strong>
tar \u53ef\u900f\u904e\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u6253\u5305\u58d3\u7e2e\u7387, \u7bc4\u4f8b\u8207\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4e0b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 gzip \u58d3\u7e2e\n\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5: \u5728 tar \u6253\u5305\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a -z\n# tar -czf \/tmp\/backup.tar.gz log*\n\n\u4f7f\u7528 bzip2 (\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4 gzip \u6162) \u58d3\u7e2e\n\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5: \u5728 tar \u6253\u5305\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a -j\n# tar -cjf \/tmp\/backup.tar.gz log*\n\n\u4f7f\u7528 xz \u58d3\u7e2e\n\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5: \u5728 tar \u6253\u5305\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a -J\n# tar -cJf \/tmp\/backup.tar.xz log*\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u660e<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • gzip, bzip2, xz \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u55ae\u7368\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u58d3\u7e2e\u6a94\u6848, \u4f46\u50c5\u9650\u55ae\u4e00\u6a94\u6848,
    \u800c\u4e14\u539f\u59cb\u6a94\u6848\u6703\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3 [ DEMO ]\n
      \n
    • \u58d3\u7e2e -v<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e -d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • gzip -v log.txt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • gzip -d log.gz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      W 5-10,<\/strong> zip<\/mark><\/strong>
      \u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5728 windows \u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089, \u4f46\u662f\u5728 linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0b\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u652f\u63f4, \u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u5b89\u88dd
      sudo apt-get install zip
      \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u7bc4\u4f8b:\u5c07 data \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u58d3\u5132\u5230 file.zip, \u9019\u908a\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u4e0a .zip (\u81ea\u52d5)\n# zip file data\/*\n\n\u5c07 data \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u53ca\u526f\u76ee\u9304\u58d3\u5132\u5230 file.zip\n# zip -r file data\/*\n\n\u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e\n# unzip file.zip \u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a ( -d \/home\/tmp ) \u4f86\u5236\u5b9a\u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e\u5f8c\u64fa\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\n\n\u5217\u51fa\u58d3\u7e2e\u6a94\u6240\u6709\u5167\u5bb9\n# unzip -l file.zip\n .......<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u5e33\u865f\u6b0a\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cutexyz.com\/edu\/linux2402\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}